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SQUANTUM 

BY 

SIDNEY S. RIDER 


E ARLY in the year 1605 the English Government 
sent a ship to the Coast of North America to 
_■ discover a Northwest passage. The ship was 

under the command of Captain George Waymouth, a man 
well advanced in such work. No passage was found. 
Captain Waymouth then turned his ship south and sailed 
along until he reached the coast of what is now called 
Maine; the Indian name was then Monhigon. There he 
found the creatures later known as Indians. One of these 
Indians went on board of Captain Waymouth’s ship, and 
he sailed with him, to a place known to us now, as 
Plymouth, in Massachusetts. Captain Waymouth soon left 
on his return voyage to England. The Indian, whom he 
had brought from Monhigon went with him, and three 
other Indians. The name of the first Indian was Tisquan- 
tum or Tasquamtum. These names became abbreviated in 
England to Squanto, or Squantum. 


1 







There are still other spellings of the names of Tisquantum 
or Tasquantum, doubtless each variation being dependent 
upon the particular ability of the hearer of the name to 
translate the sounds into English. 

After a life there of four or five years, Squantum re¬ 
turned in an English ship to the Plymouth country. Later 
he made a second return voyage to England; these two 
voyages covered near eleven, or twelve years. The time then 
reached was about the year 1615. Squanto had removed 
from Monhigon, on the Pemmaquid river, to a place called 
Patuxet, but soon to be known as Plymouth. When Squan¬ 
to first came there were no English settlers there. He left 
soon after to live in a native village named Namasket. This 
Indian Village was in a direct line west from Plymouth in 
Middleboro, Massachusetts, distant from what ultimately 
became Plymouth, about seventeen miles. Squantum was 
still living there when the Plymouth settlers came in 1620. 
As Squantum had been twice in England and could talk 
English this made him a prominent factor in the Planting 
of Plymouth and in truth of all New England; he had be¬ 
come an interpreter of immense value and his service was 
all with, and for Plymouth Planters. I will give a brief 
illustration. 

On the 3rd of July, 1621, Edward Winslow, then Gov¬ 
ernor of Plymouth, went with Stephen Hopkins, one of the 
Planters, to see Massasoit, the Great Sachem of the Tribe 
called Wompanoags. They were led by the Indian Squan¬ 
tum, as guide, and translator of languages. The lands which 
Squantum showed them became subsequently Rehoboth, 
Swansea, Barrington, Sowams, Bristol, etc. 

It was on the 12th of December, 1621, that a clergyman 
named Robert Cushman preached the First Sermon ever 
preached in New England; and the oldest extant of any 
delivered in America. This sermon was first printed in 

2 


'Tto v- ' 


New York City in the year 1847; and prefixed to it was a 
preliminary note written by the clergyman, and addressed 
to his loving friends, and adventurers for New England. 
On page XIII (13) this appears,: “and by reason of this 
one Tisquanto that lives amongst us, and can speak Eng¬ 
lish, we have daily commerce with their Kings, and can. 
know what is done, or intended towards us, among the 
Savages; also we can acquaint them with our courses and 
purposes, both human and religious; and the greatest com¬ 
mander of the country, called Massasoit, cometh often to 
visit us, tho’ he lives 50 miles away from us, and bften 
sends us presents.” 

Captain Thomas Dermer (who was the Captain of an 
English ship) was the first Englishman ever to have seen 
Massasoit; he visited him at Sowamset, now known as War¬ 
ren, Rhode Island; he was led by Squantum, who translated 
the English of Dermer, so that Massasoit could understand 
it, and the Wampanoag of Massasoit, so that Dermer could 
understand it. In a letter, written by Dermer, on the 27th of 
December, 1619, he speaks of my Savage, Squanto, and his 
native country; the landing place of which is now known to 
be Plymouth; and finding all dead with the great plague; 
and how he travelled a day’s journey to a place called Num- 
mastagnyt, the real name of which was Namasket, which 
was the home of Squantum, where Captain Dermer says 
the savages would have killed him, had not Squanto en¬ 
treated hard for him; he continues: “I despatched a mes¬ 
senger a day’s journey to Pokanokit and two Kings (Indian 
Sachems), came to see him (Dermer), Massasoit and Quad- 
aquipa, his brother. Pokanokit was the name used by the 
Wampanoags; and Sowamset by the Narragansetts for the 
section now known as Warren, Bristol, Barrington, etc. 

There is a footnote in Hutchinson’s History of Massa¬ 
chusetts, which I will reproduce. Gov. Hutchinson’s His¬ 
tory is in two Volumes: the first was published in 1755; 


3 


the second, in 1757. The footnote was in the first volume; 
here it is, verbatim: 

“The tradition is, that this Sachem had his principal seat 
upon a small hill, or rising upland in the midst of a body 
of salt marsh in the township of Dorchester near to a place 
called Squantum, and it is known by the name of Massa¬ 
chusetts hill, or Mount Massachusetts to this day. The 
Blue Hills, so-called, in the township of Milton, etc., are 
called in Capt. Smith’s map, in 1614, Chest Hills, but they 
were called before, Massachusetts Mount. Prince Charles 
changed the name, and also gave the name of Charles river 
to what had been before called Massachusetts river.” 

This is a footnote, in Hutchinson’s History of Massa¬ 
chusetts, Vol. 1, Boston, 1755, page 460. 

It must be noticed that Hutchinson does not give the 
name “of a great Sachem,” but he mentions “a place called 
Squantum.” (History of Massachusetts, v. 1, p. 460.) 

It was two years before Gov. Hutchinson published his 
second volume, in 1757. He admits, however, a tradition; 
what is the value of a History of Massachusetts Bay, which 
omits all reference to Plymouth? 

I come now to the publication of Hutchinson’s second* 
volume. Here is what is said in his preface to this second 
volume: 

“Some of my friends of the Colony of New Plimouth 
took it unkindly that I said no more of their affairs in the 
first part (volume) of the history. My principal object was 
the Massachusetts colony; besides, I never could meet with 
many papers relative to Plimouth. From such papers as I 
have been able to obtain I have prepared the best summary 
I could, to which I shall give a place in the Appendix.” 
(Hutchinson’s History of Massachusetts^. 2 Prefacepage 11.) 


4 



I refer to the Appendix; the only reference begins on page 
468 of that volume. But there is not the slightest mention 
of the planting of Plymouth, nor of the Indian Squantum, 
nor of his work. Instead of being “History,” it is scan¬ 
dalous fiction. 

In 1720, Daniel Neal published in London, the History 
of New England. He tells the story of Squanto, otherwise 
Tisquantum. He says: “This Squanto was a hearty friend 
of the Colony (Plymouth) and brought his countrymen to 
have a good opinion.” 

I come now to the clearing of the history of Squantum. 
It comes from Nathaniel Morton’s New England Memorial. 

This book was printed the first time in 1669. I am using 
a copy printed in 1826. I will give a few pleasing extracts. 

“It was about the 16th of March, 1621, that a certain 
Indian called Samoset, came boldly among them at Plym¬ 
outh; he told them of another Indian called Squanto, alias 
Sisquantum, one of this place, who had been in England, 
and could speak better English than himself.” Four or five 
days later Massasoit came with the chief of his friends and 
other attendants, with the aforesaid Squanto, alias Squan¬ 
tum, with whom, after friendly entertainment and some 
gifts, they made a league of Peace. 

The conditions of said league is as followeth: 

1st. That neither he nor any of his should injure or do any 
wrong to his people. 

2nd. That if any of his did any hurt to any of theirs he 
should send the offender that they might punish him. 

3rd. That if anything were taken away from any of theirs 
he should cause it to be restored, and they should do 
the like to his. 


5 


4th. That if any did unjustly war against him, they would 
aid him; and if any did war against them he should aid 
them. 

5th. That he should send to his neighbour confederates to 
inform them of this, that they might not wrong them, 
but might be likewise comprised in these conditions of 
Peace. 

Such were the conditions of Peace between the Plymouth 
Colony men, and the Great Sachem Massasoit, chiefly ar¬ 
ranged by Squantum. 

After these things were arranged, Massasoit went to his 
place, Sowams; but Squantum continued with the Plym¬ 
outh Colony men; and was their interpreter and proved a 
special instrument sent by God for their good. This all is 
taken from Morton’s Memorial. 

Squantum became sick with a fever at his home at Nam- 
asket, and died there in December, 1622. 

It was the result of the two voyages and visits, made to 
England by Squantum, that founded Plymouth Colony and 
assisted so much in its planting and growth. He had 
known the Plymouth Colony less than a year, but in that 
short time, he had laid before them all the land along the 
shore of the Bay. It was the result of these great services, 
to the Plymouth planters, by this Indian, and which never 
before have been told, that should make his name famous. 
These things suggest the reason why the name Squantum 
was given to the greatest fishing ground in Narragansett 
Bay and to the Huge Rock, which is so beautiful. 

The names of Indian Sachems were sometimes applied 
to fishing places, or clam digging places, on the land along 
the shores of the Bay called Narragansett. Pomham is an 
illustration. He was an Indian Sachem who lived on the 
land of Warwick; his name was given to an island on the 

6 




shore lands of East Providence. So also was applied the 
name Squanto, or Squantum, to the huge rock, just north 
of the island “Pomham,” and which was then a celebrated 
fishing and clamming place. 


7 







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